Groove Symbols

Groove weld symbols show how two pieces of metal must be prepared and welded together. These symbols tell welders what type of groove to make, how the edges must be shaped, and where the weld goes. Groove welds are used when strong, deep penetration is required.

Groove weld symbols appear on the reference line of a welding symbol. If the symbol is below the line, weld the arrow side. If it is above the line, weld the other side. If symbols appear on both sides of the line, weld both sides.

Square Groove: A square groove means the edges stay square, with no beveling. It is used for thin material or joints that do not need deep penetration.

Bevel Groove: A bevel groove shows that one piece must be beveled. The arrow points to the piece that needs beveling. This is used when only one edge can be prepared.

V-Groove: A V‑groove means both pieces are beveled. This creates a V shape and is used for full‑penetration welds on thicker materials.

U-Groove: A U‑groove has curved or gouged edges. It requires machining and is used for very thick material because it saves weld metal compared to a V‑groove.

J-Groove: A J‑groove means one piece has a curved edge (J‑shape), while the other stays square. The arrow points to the piece with the J‑groove.

Flare-Bevel Groove: This groove is used when a rounded surface, such as pipe or round bar, meets a flat surface. The curve creates a natural bevel.

Flare-V Groove: This groove occurs between two curved pieces, such as two pipes. The natural contact creates a V shape.

Groove weld symbols often include numbers that give important information such as groove angle, root opening, bevel depth, and weld size. Welders must follow these dimensions carefully to meet strength and inspection requirements.

Understanding groove weld symbols helps welders prepare joints correctly, choose the correct welding process, achieve full penetration, and avoid costly mistakes or rework.