51 Copper
Copper has been used for more than 13,000 years and was the only metal known to man for the majority of that time. The lizard skeleton imbedded in copper shown to the right may be 11,000 years old.
Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu (from Latin cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkish-orange color. Copper is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, as a building material, and as a constituent of various metal alloys, such as sterling silver used in jewelry, cupronickel used to make marine hardware and coins, and constantan used in strain gauges and thermocouples for temperature measurement.
Copper is one of the few metals that can occur in nature in a directly usable metallic form (native metals). This led to very early human use in several regions, from c. 8000 BC. Thousands of years later, it was the first metal to be smelted from sulfide ores, c. 5000 BC; the first metal to be cast into a shape in a mold, c. 4000 BC; and the first metal to be purposely alloyed with another metal, tin, to create bronze, c. 3500 BC.
Videos
Watch this 5:43 video Prehistoric copper smelting in a pit! by ancient1580 (The Cabins Conwy), May 25, 2012
Watch this 8:13 video How Copper Is Mined And Processed by Extreme Force, January 5, 2024
Watch this 43:44 full episode of Modern Marvels: How Copper Built the World (S13, E37) | Full Episode | History by History, March 227, 2021
Derived from http://jjjtrain.com/3engineering/7eng_metalsl_hist/eng_metal_hist_08.html retrieved by the WayBack Machine internet archive 13 January 2024.