Chapter 2 – Principles of Fitness
Components of Health Related Fitness
To perform daily activities without fatigue, it is necessary to maintain health in five areas: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition. These five areas are called the Components of Health-Related Fitness. Development of these areas will improve quality of life, reduce risk of chronic disease, and optimize health and well-being.
Components of Health-Related Fitness:
1. Cardiorespiratory endurance is the ability to carry out prolonged, large muscle, dynamic movements at a moderate to high level of intensity. This relates to your heart’s ability to pump blood and your lungs’ ability to take in oxygen.
2. Muscular strength is the ability of the muscles to exert force over a single or maximal effort.
3. Muscular endurance is the ability to exert a force over a period of time or repetitions.
4. Flexibility is the ability to move your joints through a full range of motion.
5. Body Composition is the relative amount of fat mass to fat-free mass.
As previously stated, these areas are significant in that they influence your quality of life and overall health and wellness.
Skill-Related Components of Fitness
In addition to the five Health-Related Components, there are six Skill-Related Components that assist in developing optimal fitness: speed, agility, coordination, balance, power, and reaction time. Although important, these areas do not directly affect a person’s health. A person’s ability to perform ladder drills (also known as agility drills) is not related to his/her long term heart health but better serves sport performance. However, coordination of muscle movements may be helpful in developing muscular strength through resistance training. As such, they may indirectly affect the five areas associated with health-related fitness. Skill-related components are more often associated with sports performance and skill development.
